The review ordered by President Obama into the Justice Department's policies on pursuing reporters' records could have Attorney General Eric Holder effectively reviewing his own actions.
Under Justice Department guidelines, the attorney general would most likely have had to sign off on the controversial search warrant that allowed federal authorities to seize the private emails of a Fox News reporter.
This, and another case involving the Associated Press, prompted Obama on Thursday to announce that Holder had agreed to conduct a review of DOJ policies on investigations that involve reporters.
"I've raised these issues with the attorney general, who shares my concern," Obama said, adding that Holder would report back by July 12.
But part of the review will likely involve checking up on his own decisions. Department guidelines say: "The Attorney General's authorization is normally required before the issuance of any subpoena to a member of the news media or for the telephone toll records of a member of the news media."
In this case, Holder had no apparent reason to recuse himself and likely would have been the one to sign off on a search warrant that allowed authorities to seize the personal emails of reporter James Rosen.
A law enforcement official also confirmed to NBC News that Holder did in fact approve the search.
It's unclear what specific language Holder agreed to. In the original 2010 affidavit seeking the warrant, Rosen was accused of being a criminal "co-conspirator" as part of a leak case. The Justice Department cited the World War I-era Espionage Act in making the claim, using it to justify the seizure of his personal files.
Though Rosen was never charged, media and civil liberties groups decried the move as "chilling."
Holder's involvement would distinguish this case from one in which the phone records of AP journalists were seized. In that case, Holder had already recused himself by the time the records were obtained.
The source told NBC News that the Fox News document was approved "at the highest levels -- and I mean the highest."
Obama voiced concern about the cases for the first time Thursday, during a wide-ranging speech on counterterrorism policy. He said he was "troubled" by the developments and that journalists should not be "at legal risk" for doing their jobs.
"As Commander-in Chief, I believe we must keep information secret that protects our operations and our people in the field. To do so, we must enforce consequences for those who break the law and breach their commitment to protect classified information," Obama said. "But a free press is also essential for our democracy. That's who we are, and I'm troubled by the possibility that leak investigations may chill the investigative journalism that holds government accountable.
Authorities also obtained phone records for Fox News lines, including those for a number that matched the number of Rosen's parents.
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